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ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Abstract

Rapid urbanization in developing countries has intensified housing challenges for younger generations, particularly Zillennials (aged 24–34), who demand affordable, accessible, and sustainable living environments. This study investigates the optimal location for small-scale housing integrated with large-scale developments in the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA), emphasizing mobility as the primary criterion. The research is guided by a conceptual framework that synthesizes compact city principles, the 15-minute city concept, and Zillennial lifestyle preferences, with walkability and bikeability serving as mediating variables. Mobility simulations were conducted using the Urban Modeling Interface (UMI), applying Walk Score parameters to evaluate walking and cycling accessibility. Six simulation scenarios were tested using a case study of small-scale housing integrated with large-scale developments across four distance zones (400 m, 800 m, and up to 5 km). The results demonstrate that walking and cycling mobility are primarily determined by proximity to facilities rather than the diversity of facilities. The simulations confirm that the optimal location for affordable housing integrated with larger developments lies within a 400–800 m range. At this distance, walkability falls into the “Somewhat Walkable” category, while cycling achieves a “Very Bikeable” rating. The findings indicate that proximity enhances mobility. However, extremely close facilities do not necessarily result in higher scores than the 400–800 m threshold. This study concludes that infill housing within 400–800 m radius of large-scale developments offers a practical, affordable, and sustainable solution for Zillennials. It supports compact city strategies, enhances social connectivity, and reduces reliance on motorized transport. Despite limitations related to distance-based simulation and the use of a single case study, the research provides valuable insights for policymakers, developers, and urban planners in designing youth-oriented housing in rapidly urbanizing contexts.

Keywords

Zillennial; Affordable housing; infill development; Urban mobility; 15-Minute City; Jakarta Metropolitan Area.

Publication Date

2026

Received Date

07 Apr 2025

Revised Date

30 Mar 2026

Accepted Date

02 Apr 2026

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