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ASEAN Journal on Science and Technology for Development

Abstract

Background: Timely availability of vaccine packaging is critical to pharmaceutical supply chain reliability, as packaging materials play a key role in maintaining cold chain integrity during distribution. Inadequate availability of packaging materials can disrupt vaccine delivery even when finished vaccines are ready for shipment. The case company faces frequent delivery delays, insufficient safety stock, and irregular replenishment of vaccine packaging materials, which have jeopardized the organization’s target of achieving a 90% on-time delivery rate.

Objective: To design and evaluate an Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)–based inventory dashboard for vaccine packaging that standardizes ordering decisions and strengthens stock visibility in pharmaceutical distribution operations.

Methods: A case study was conducted in the Distribution Department using historical packaging usage data from January to October 2024 and stakeholder interviews to capture operational requirements. Inventory parameters—EOQ, safety stock, and reorder point (ROP)—were computed and embedded in a Microsoft Excel–based dashboard featuring real-time inventory monitoring, automated reorder alerts, and decision-support visualization. Verification and validation were performed through pilot testing with end users and evaluation based on usability, efficiency, and security dimensions adapted from ISO 25010.

Results: EOQ and ROP values were established for 17 vaccine packaging items, enabling more consistent procurement planning. Implementation of the dashboard reduced stock discrepancies and procurement delays while improving the consistency of order timing. Financial feasibility analysis indicated a payback period of 1.36 years, a positive net present value (IDR 381,884,573), and an internal rate of return of 37%, exceeding the 10% minimum attractive rate of return.

Conclusions: Integrating EOQ logic within an operational dashboard provides real-time inventory visibility and clear reorder thresholds that mitigate stockouts and reduce unnecessary carrying costs. The proposed approach demonstrates both operational and economic feasibility for improving vaccine packaging inventory management. Future work includes migration to a web-based platform and the integration of machine-learning-driven demand forecasting and automation.

Keywords

Economic Order Quantity; vaccine packaging; inventory dashboard; cold chain logistics; reorder point; pharmaceutical supply chain.

Publication Date

2026

Received Date

28 Aug 2025

Revised Date

10 Apr 2026

Accepted Date

17 Apr 2026

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